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There is a range of action supported by the Scottish Government to deal with insidious behaviour amounting to online bullying and harassment.

Ensuring the criminal law can deal effectively with conduct amounting to threatening or abusive behaviour led to the Scottish Government introducing the offence at section 38 of the Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010. Such behaviour can often arise online and amount to bullying or harassing type behaviour. This offence is capable of dealing with this type of conduct depending on the specific facts and circumstances.

Where bullying and harassment occurs online affecting children and young people, this can be especially harmful. The Scottish Government's 'Respect for All - national approach to anti-bullying' was published in 2017 and is focused on building capacity, resilience and skills in children and young people to prevent and deal with bullying including online.

Regulation of the internet is a reserved area. The UK Government on 17 March 2022 introduced their Online Safety Bill into the UK Parliament. The Scottish Government is committed to work with the UK Government where devolved areas arise relevant to the policy of the Bill.

The Scottish Government does not carry out any monitoring to ensure public transport operators apply the guidance, Women and Transport, which was written in 2000, prior to this Government’s time in office.

I am taking forward a focussed consultation, announced recently, to look specifically at improving women’s experience and safety across public transport. Initial discussions with Engender and women’s organisations will inform how we can best take forward this important work.

The Scottish Government does not collect demographic data specifically on the public transport workforce nor does it do so for each mode of public transportation. If collected, this data will be held by public transport operating organisations.

Latest data from the Annual Population Survey over the period Jan-Dec 2020 provides breakdowns on employment by industry sector which includes the category “Transport and Storage”. It shows that 4% of all those aged over 16 in employment were working in Transport and Storage.

Of those employed in transport and storage industries, 21% are women. This compares to a figure of 49% for those employed in all industries who are women.

With regard to the trends in these figures from 2002, Census data from 2011 is directly comparable with the 2020 figures above. It shows that in 2011, of those working in transport and storage industries, 19% were women. This is compared to 21% for 2020.

Data from the 2001 Census is available but is not directly comparable as the industry definition was broader to include ‘transport, storage and communication ’. However, it shows that of those working in these industries in 2001, 27% were women.

The Scottish Government does not collect demographic data specifically on the public transport workforce nor does it do so for each mode of public transportation. If collected, this data will be held by public transport operating organisations.

Data from the Annual Population Survey over the period Jan-Dec 2020 provides breakdowns on employment by industry sector which includes the category “Transport and Storage”. It shows that 4% of all those aged over 16 in employment were working in Transport and Storage.

Of those employed in transport and storage industries, 2% are of a minority ethnic background. This compares to a figure of 4% for those employed in all industries who are of a minority ethnic background.

The Scottish Government does not collect demographic data specifically on the public transport workforce nor does it do so for each mode of public transportation. If collected, this data will be held by public transport operating organisations.

Data from the Annual Population Survey over the period Jan-Dec 2020 provides breakdowns on employment by industry sector which includes the category “Transport and Storage”. It shows that 4% of all those aged over 16 in employment were working in Transport and Storage.

Of those employed in transport and storage industries, 13% are disabled. This compares to a figure of 13% also for those employed in all industries who are disabled.

The National Transport Strategy, developed through a collaborative process with stakeholders, including BEMIS the National Ethnic Minorities umbrella body, recognises that feelings of safety and fear of violence can shape BAME people’s travel behaviour and the racism can be associated with the use of public transport is often intersected with other forms of abuse e.g. sexual harassment. Work undertaken by the Transport Equality Network (of which BEMIS was a member) on the Scottish Government’s response to COVID19 found that there were no new transport challenges for BEMIS, rather the pandemic has exacerbating existing challenges.

Transport Scotland has also commissioned research from the Poverty Alliance on transport and poverty. As part of this, BAME research participants related their anxiety around reaching support services, particularly those from asylum seeker families, and voiced concerns over health risks faced by ethnic minority people using public transport during a pandemic and the stigma associated with that. In response, the Scottish Government has facilitated a meeting between the participants and the Confederation for Passenger Transport, to allow the research participants to have their concerns heard directly by industry representatives.

We understand, following the completion of its ticket office opening hours consultation and Transport Focus’ findings report, that ScotRail intends to publish, in due course, its Diversity Impact Assessment.

The majority of funding local authorities receive for preventing and responding to homelessness is provided through the annual local government finance settlement. On top of that, we have committed £53.5 million to local authorities to support the development and implementation of local authority rapid rehousing transition plans (RRTPs). This funding also includes an investment of up to £6.5 million for the Housing First pathfinder programme to support people with multiple and complex needs. The RRTP funding distribution is agreed with COSLA.

Annually, local authorities complete an activities and spend template which provides details of all RRTP activities over the course of the year, including details of funding sources in addition to Scottish Government funding. This allows the Scottish Government to monitor how local authorities are allocating resources to deliver priorities in their RRTPs.

Alongside the funding, there are a number of supporting structures which help local authorities develop and implement their RRTPs. These include five housing options hubs which bring together all 32 local authorities to share practice and experience; RRTP co-ordinators’ meetings; and the RRTP sub-group of the Homelessness Prevention and Strategy Group.

The Scottish Government is taking action on loss and damage. On the 23rd February, The First Minister and I hosted a roundtable of international leaders and experts, including colleagues from the Global South, on Loss and Damage. The roundtable articulated the common ambitions of non-state actors to further move Loss and Damage to delivery and action.

Officials are synthesising information from the roundtable to plan and sequence further action over 2022 and at COP27, including in partnership with stakeholders from the Global South. Plans will be discussed with Scottish stakeholders and progress reported to Parliament as appropriate. Additionally, officials are currently working with the Climate Justice Resilience Fund to programme a £1m contribution to Loss and Damage as part of the world-leading £2m commitment we made at COP26.

This is a reserved policy area. Responsibility for security of supply sits with National Grid ESO (the GB electricity system operator).

The UK government has now included renewables in the Capacity Market to recognise their “measurable contribution” to security of supply. Renewables sites in Scotland have been successful in securing contracts in the latest T-4 and T-1 Capacity Market Auctions.

Renewable capacity in Scotland includes onshore and offshore wind, hydro, solar, marine technologies, bioenergy and waste.

The equivalent of 98.6% of gross electricity consumption in Scotland (around 30 GigaWatt hours, GWh) comes from renewable sources.