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Since 1 October 2021 the Scottish Government has funded Elect Her through the Equality and Human Rights (EHR) fund to increase the level of women’s political representation. Their annual EHR funding is approximately £106k of which £250 is used for website hosting. Other elements of their funded work include the creation of an online learning platform and running online workshops.

All organisations funded through the EHR Fund provide progress updates to the fund manager, Inspiring Scotland, every six months. We know that Elect Her supported 58 women in the 2022 Scottish local elections and 27 of them were elected.

Discussions regarding salary settlements are a matter between the Employer, ScotRail Trains Ltd and ASLEF.

Recent modelling work predicts that the climate envelope of suitability for giant hogweed in north-west Europe will shift north in the next three decades (Anibaba et al., 2022). The model suggests that Scotland will remain climatically suitable for giant hogweed until at least 2050. Parts of the west coast may become less suitable due to milder winters by 2100.

In 2012, a team based at Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BIOSS) modelled the potential for further invasion by giant hogweed in Great Britain (Catterall et al. in 2012). The model predicts that between 2020 and 2030 giant hogweed will be found in a further twenty-seven 10km squares where it has not been recorded previously. The paper does not include predictions for 2040 but the results of the modelling suggests that giant hogweed will continue to colonise further areas beyond 2030.

However, a significant amount of work is being carried out across Scotland to control invasive non-native plants including giant hogweed. The Scottish Invasive Species Initiative is a 5-year partnership project tackling invasive non-native species including giant hogweed alongside rivers and water courses in an area of 29,500 square kilometres within northern Scotland - over a third of Scotland. The project is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, NatureScot and through in-kind support from project partners and volunteers. The total project value is approximately £3.24M.

The Tweed Invasives project was set up by the Tweed Forum to tackle invasive plants, including giant hogweed, along 300 miles of the River Tweed and its tributaries. The project is funded jointly through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the Scottish Government’s Biodiversity Challenge Fund. Between 2019 and 2021, the Biodiversity Challenge Fund has provided around £300,000 to support catchment-based control of invasive plants on the rivers Tweed and Endrick.

In September 2021, at CoP26, Scottish Ministers announced that the Nature Restoration Fund would provide £65 million for projects that benefit nature to be funded through this Parliamentary session. Habitat and species restoration, and eradication of invasive non-native species are among the types of projects that can apply for grants funding, including for projects lasting up to three years.

The Scottish Government regularly engages with local authorities and the wider public sector, including through COSLA and the Sustainable Scotland Network (SSN), where current opportunities and challenges within local authority climate action are frequently discussed. Scottish Government officials also engage with the Improvement Service on the capacity needs of local authorities in delivering net zero.

Through the cross-sectoral Climate and Procurement Forum and underpinning work streams, we work together with local authorities and other sectors to advance the capability of the wider public sector in addressing the Climate Emergency. For example, in partnership with Scotland Excel we reviewed demand for Climate training in 2020 and in response to this created Climate Literacy e-learning. This was launched in March 2021 and by end June 2022 had been completed by over 150 users across 20 Local Authorities in Scotland. The Climate Literacy training has been augmented by updated tools and guidance on our Sustainable Procurement tools platform ( )

We published new climate leadership to public bodies, including local authorities, in October 2021. This includes specific guidance on reducing indirect Scope 3 emissions including those from procurement.

The Scottish Parliament’s Net Zero, Energy and Transport Committee is currently conducting an inquiry into the role of local government and its partners in financing and delivering a net zero Scotland. In addition, Environmental Standards Scotland (ESS) recently launched an investigation into support for local authorities in delivery of climate change targets. Scottish Government welcomes such independent scrutiny and will give the resulting reports and recommendations due consideration

The Scottish Government has increased local government funding by over £1 billion in 2022-23, a real terms increase of 6.3 per cent, despite a 5.2 per cent real terms reduction in the overall Scottish Budget. Local authorities are independent corporate bodies with their own powers and responsibilities. It is the responsibility of individual local authorities to manage their own budgets and to allocate the total financial resources available to them on the basis of local needs and priorities, having first fulfilled their statutory obligations and the jointly agreed set of national and local priorities.

The Scottish Government is committed to using public procurement to contribute towards the transition to a more resource efficient, lower carbon economy. Support and mentorship is available through the Sustainable Procurement Training Framework. To support environmentally-friendly buying options, our national frameworks are available to the wider public sector, for example our Non Domestic Energy Efficiency Frameworks support the transition to a low carbon economy across sectors.

In addition, we established the National Climate and Procurement Forum and associated work streams with representative bodies of key sectors, to provide leadership and direction to enable traction on climate change.

The Scottish Parliament’s Net Zero, Energy and Transport Committee is currently conducting an inquiry into the role of local government and its partners in financing and delivering a net zero Scotland. In addition, Environmental Standards Scotland (ESS) recently launched an investigation into support for local authorities in delivery of climate change targets. Scottish Government welcomes such independent scrutiny and will give the resulting reports and recommendations due consideration

In early 2020, the Scottish Government asked the Electoral Commission to re-test the referendum question used in 2014. Work on this was paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We have announced our intention to hold an independence referendum on 19 October 2023, and the Lord Advocate has made a reference to the Supreme Court.

We will undertake the necessary preparations for a referendum, including on question testing, at the appropriate time.

There are no plans to combine these systems which operate under distinct legislative requirements.

Both systems, however, seek to achieve shared strategic objectives, including achieving net zero emissions. Our work on planning reform is ongoing, including taking forward the provisions of the Planning (Scotland) Act 2019 through policy, regulations and guidance. Building regulations address a wide range of building functions or performance standards, and complement broader provisions of the planning system. Improved energy standards will apply from December this year and changes will be made in 2023 to introduce provision for electric charge points in new developments.

Work is also ongoing to improve the consistency, transparency and accessibility of information in both the planning and building standards systems as part of our five year digital planning transformation programme.

Responsibility for invasive non-native plants rests with landowners and occupiers. Under common law, there is an expectation that land owners should take reasonable steps to prevent invasive non-native plants growing on their land from causing a nuisance or injury to others. However, it is not a criminal offence for an owner or occupier to have invasive non-native plants growing on their land.

NatureScot can make species control agreements and orders to require control of invasive non-native species. This discretionary power is aimed primarily at preventing high impact invasive non-native species becoming established in and spreading within Scotland. For species that are already widespread, such as giant hogweed, NatureScot can offer species control agreements to support coordinated control programmes, where inaction on a particular land holding is jeopardising the success of the programme.

In the last ten years NatureScot has written to twenty-two land owners asking them to control giant hogweed, and to date there have not been any cases where a landowner has ignored such a letter or refused to cooperate with a coordinated control programme. In the majority of cases the landowner has allowed access for a third party to control giant hogweed on their land, or has carried out the control work themselves. In some cases NatureScot has allowed landowners more time to secure funds to control extensive areas of giant hogweed.

For example, NatureScot has entered into one species control agreement to control giant hogweed along the railway line north of Dunblane to prevent the plants from seeding onto the banks of the River Allan. This enabled Network Rail to prioritise plant control along this section of line within its annual maintenance programme. Network Rail’s control programme has been successful in reducing the extent of giant hogweed on the site but a small number of plants remained in 2021. The agreement comes to an end in 2022 and NatureScot will consider whether to extend the agreement or make a species control order.

Large-scale control across river catchments is an effective way to reduce the biodiversity impacts of invasive plants like giant hogweed. However, it is challenging to eradicate completely and control must be maintained for many years to prevent reinvasion of the catchment.

Eleven of the thirteen Fisheries Trust areas where giant hogweed is widespread have initiated coordinated control programmes. In some areas, such as the River Tweed, invasive plant populations have already been reduced to very low levels. In others, control is at an early stage and concentrated on the upper parts of the catchment.

In 2017, the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland (RAFTS), carried out an evaluation of effectiveness and lessons learnt from giant hogweed control programmes within seven Trust areas (Horril et al, 2019). All of the projects reported decreases of between 53% and 75% in the area covered by giant hogweed, while the plant was completely cleared from 16% of the infested sites within four years.

The paper highlights that the main barrier to successful control of invasive plants has been the short-term nature of project funding (1-4 years duration). To address this, the Scottish Invasive Species Initiative aims to quantify the level of support and coordination necessary to maintain invasive plant control programmes in the longer term.

The following table provides a summary of Scottish Government funding for Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) control on riverbanks in each of the last 15 years. Invasive species control projects based on river catchments control a number of species including American mink, Japanese knotweed, giant hogweed, Himalayan balsam and American skunk cabbage. It is not possible to disaggregate funding for giant hogweed control alone.