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The examples that you have given are commonsensical, but where might there be some dubiety? Is it the default to say that we align and a case therefore has to be made for not aligning? Do you take each case on merit and discuss it? Are there any grey areas, where the Cabinet or the Government needs to consider whether there is an alternative route?

Thank you all for coming. I agree with Alistair Mackie that it is critical that Scottish music is in Europe. We are all proud of Scotland’s musical culture and heritage—it is key for everything else associated with the country’s reputation. Success in Europe has an economic, social and demographic impact. Mr Robertson’s comment about Skerryvore not breaking even illustrates how critical the situation is, and we are only a couple of years post Brexit.

I will focus on what the committee can call for or do to try to relieve some of the pressures that touring musicians are dealing with—apart from the obvious, which is reversing Brexit, which the committee cannot do single-handedly. There has been talk about funding and technical changes to the rules for transporting equipment, merchandise and artists into and around the EU, but where can we make the biggest and most impactful change to try to resolve the issue? Right now, the situation does not sound sustainable and, if the stakes are so high for ensuring that musicians can tour, what could we, in our devolved capacity, do that would make the biggest difference?

I, too, thank the witnesses for being here.

What we are scrutinising is an agricultural policy bill. Essentially, it is a bill to replace the common agricultural policy, so it is very much focused on subsidy—or some other word for that kind of financial support.

However, I want to go back to the issue of how you agree contracts with farmers, co-operatives and wholesalers, and what the process looks like. Jim Fairlie has already touched on the point about the percentage of the profits that go back to the producer. Some research from 2022 by the food charity Sustain suggested that on five everyday items—apples, cheese, beef burgers, carrots and bread—farmers sometimes make less than 1 per cent of the profits. That will have a direct bearing on where, for example, a subsidy should be set in order to sustain those livelihoods. How, therefore, do you reach agreement on pricing, volume and timescales?

I was also heartened to hear that some of your relationships go back 25 years, which suggests to me that they are mutually beneficial. Is that the norm, or is that rare?

That sounds very political.

I have a tiny supplementary question. It is well known that farmers typically make a loss without Government subsidy. Can you ever envisage a situation in Scotland in which farmers are sufficiently recompensed by the market so that they do not make a loss?

I am slightly concerned that we may be losing sight of the fact that the issue before us is snaring rather than the validity or otherwise of certain sectors. If all sectors, whether that is conservation, agriculture or anything else, are agreed on the need for predator control, would a licensing scheme actually enable better enforcement? As Penny Middleton outlined, such a scheme would require people to jump through certain hoops rather than push the illegal activity further underground.

Good morning, cabinet secretary. I want to extend the convener’s question on your engagement with representatives of Israel and of Palestine. Have you, or has the Government, had any conversations with ambassadors, consuls general and so on from the respective states?

I will also extend the convener’s question about refugees. The organisation Sanctuary Foundation, which is run by Dr Krish Kandiah, was instrumental in helping with the Ukraine resettlement programme, organising 29,000 people to pledge to welcome Ukrainian refugees. It is extremely keen to recognise the First Minister’s leading role in welcoming refugees from Gaza and to participate practically in turning that theory into reality. I know that the First Minister is aware of that. Do you have any comments on that?

If anything is true of this particular situation, it is that it is phenomenally complex. I think that all of us have been hugely devastated by the scenes that have unfolded; the thought that there are still Israeli children in captivity in Gaza right now—given concerns about their welfare, their care and their separation from their family—is just horrendous. Equally, I saw a video yesterday—we will all have been consumed by watching this—of a mother in Gaza gently rocking a baby covered in a white sheet.

If anything is to emerge from the current horror, it is the resolution of hostilities once and for all. Parallels have been drawn with other, fairly recent historical situations in which hostilities have been concluded and there is now peace. Of course, that requires states and Governments to be very careful not to inflame the current hostilities, and to make intelligent and strategic calls for action, both during the current war and beyond.

In the light of that, we can recognise that, as a devolved Government, we still have a power of intervention, as the people of Scotland look to us for leadership and to navigate the challenges. That leads us to a question.

In making statements or calls for action, what expertise can the Scottish Government call on, and what intelligence can it draw on? Are there people situated in Scotland who are experts in this field, and who can inform the calls from the Scottish Government, and therefore the First Minister and the cabinet secretaries, for particular interventions or actions?

And we owe a great debt to gamekeepers.