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That is a fantastic question to kick things off. Thank you, convener. I am very aware that the citizens panel members are behind me, and I feel a bit rude to be facing away from them. I apologise to everyone who is behind me, but I need to address the convener.

I completely appreciate the work that has been put in here and the fact that the questions come from members of the public. That possibly means that they will be even more difficult to answer than usual. I emphasise that my portfolio is equalities, migration and refugees, and I will do my very best to answer the questions within the scope of that remit. Equalities is so broad that it might be quite difficult to tie things in, but I am more than happy to bring in my officials and we are happy to write to other ministers and directorates, as appropriate, to get the committee fuller answers if we go into depth on colleagues’ portfolios.

When it comes to working with Natalie Don around the Promise, convener, you will be aware of the programme for government commitment to set up a Cabinet sub-committee on the Promise. Its membership is still a work in progress, but it is a demonstration of our wider mainstreaming approach. Although the Promise is not my area of responsibility, I am committed to ensuring that equality and human rights are embedded in all that we do in government, including the delivery of the Promise.

We are delivering that change in a number of ways. You will be aware of the proposed human rights bill, our consultation on which has recently closed. Among other things, legislating on those human rights will ensure that the Scottish Government takes a human rights-based approach in how we legislate and how we treat our citizens. We are reforming the public sector equality duty, which will make sure that other public bodies are acting in the same way. We are focusing on building capacity and changing culture within Government, on strengthening leadership, including at senior levels, and on making better use of the equality data that we have.

I will continue to work with colleagues, including the Minister for Children, Young People and Keeping the Promise, to ensure that, across all our services—for example, in care, health, social services and education—we meet our ambition for Scotland to be an equal and fair place for any child to grow up in, no matter their background. That will require lots of portfolios to work together, which is reflected in the need for the Cabinet sub-committee.

I suppose that all policies come up, because we are keen to constantly scrutinise what we are doing, including any measure specifically aimed at supporting children and families out of poverty. After all, that is a core mission of the Government, and a substantial amount of our budget is currently focused on it. For example, we are spending more than £3 billion on policies aimed at tackling poverty and supporting people, which will have an impact on how people make it through the cost of living crisis and other events that they are facing.

As for working with other ministers, my portfolio lends itself to that. A lot of the work that we, including Robbie Priestley, are doing is about mainstreaming—that is, encouraging other ministers to think about things through an equalities and human rights lens and requiring them to do so through the changes that we are making to the budget process and the equality duties.

I hope that you will appreciate that that is not something that I can go into in great detail, because that is not an area of responsibility that sits with me. However, I know that the Minister for Children, Young People and Keeping the Promise is as keen as the rest of Government is to ensure that we do all that we can to promote diverse culture in schools. I am more than happy to pass on any comments to her from the committee and any others in the education portfolio to make her aware of the asks from the committee and the citizens panel.

In my area of responsibility, we are doing lots of work at pace to launch the anti-racism observatory. I think that the data, guidance and evidence base that we can get from that institution will allow us to respond to the systemic issues that we know exist, and that policy that is based on that new evidence—such evidence has perhaps previously not been collected as much as it should or could have been—will allow us to be truly anti-racism as well as simply not racist.

I am glad to hear the word “opportunities” being used to describe the introduction of the proposed human rights bill, because it is an important and exciting part of what we are doing. The bill’s aim is not simply to incorporate the four treaties into Scots law as far as we can, but to offer an opportunity to inform people about and raise their awareness of the rights that they currently have and those that they will have once the treaties are incorporated.

Implementing and communicating effectively that ambitious piece of legislation will be as important as passing it, which is why we have established an implementation working group to develop early thinking in that space, including on how best to raise awareness of the rights in the bill. It is essential that the work is targeted, and we will ensure that the communities that, at the moment, might be furthest from accessing those rights and from power have a greater understanding of what the bill will do for them.

The bill will create a duty on ministers to publish a human rights scheme that will require regular reporting on what the Scottish ministers are doing to implement the bill, including on awareness raising. We will continue to develop our thinking on how that links to the national performance framework, as well as broader work across Government, including on anti-racism.

That is certainly forming a key part of the discussions around the human rights bill. We have focused on access to justice, because rights have to mean something and not having them realised or not being able to access them has to mean something. I hope that I can count on Maggie Chapman’s support in spreading awareness of those issues throughout the progress of the bill. We need to get it right. I appreciate the input that we have had so far from stakeholders and the public, and I hope that that continues throughout the process.

I will bring in Rob Priestley on that question.

I understand that the subject of equalities in particular involves a great deal of crossover. That is reflected in the cross-Government work that we constantly undertake. My only fear would be in trying to go into detail on processes that I am not party to, on behalf of colleagues who could themselves come to the committee and be far more helpful in that regard.

The point about a diverse workforce is very important. However, as you will know, convener, teachers have to comply with professional values such as integrity, trust, respect and social justice. All teachers should be positive role models and ensure that everyone that they encounter is treated with respect.

Specifically, when it comes to an anti-racist approach to employment overall, you will be aware that, last December, we published our new anti-racist employment strategy, which seeks to respond to the scale of institutional racism and provides practical guidance and support to help employers take an anti-racist and intersectional approach to addressing racial inequality in the workplace.

I ask Rob Priestley whether he has anything to add.

Again, I appreciate the spirit of the question. It goes back to what Meghan Gallacher and I were discussing about institutional racism and the need for systemic change, which has only grown as we have become more aware of its effects on people, including those who are seeking to work in Scotland. To put it simply, we want Scotland to be a place where everyone has an equal opportunity to enter, sustain and progress in work in an inclusive labour market.

In December 2022, we published our new anti-racist employment strategy, which is underpinned by a series of actions that we are undertaking in partnership with key stakeholders, including evaluation of the minority ethnic recruitment toolkit to ensure that it continues to support employers in their recruitment of people from racialised minority backgrounds. We are developing the next stage of our anti-racism workplace training framework, which will support public and private employers to assess their own training needs and provide learning pathways that will build the capability of employers to address racial inequality in their workplace. We are also developing guidance to show how employers have used positive action to address underrepresentation, retention and progression of staff in their workforce.

We will continue to encourage and support public sector leadership to build that understanding of institutional racism and its impact, and to address the recommendations of this committee’s inquiry into race equality, employment and skills. All of that is being taken forward in the context of our new fair work action plan, which will help us to meet our ambition of becoming a leading fair work nation by 2025.

Again, that is a very important question on a key policy area for the Scottish Government.

I highlight that we have the most generous free school meal offer anywhere in the United Kingdom. It saves parents £400 per eligible child per year, so it is an incredible investment. We remain absolutely committed to the expansion of universal free school meals, and our programme for government set out that we will work with the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities to prepare schools and infrastructure for the expansion of school meals to primary 6 and 7 pupils who are eligible through the Scottish child payment. The next step is working with local authorities to undertake the planning work that is necessary to deliver that, recognising that there is a big infrastructure and resource requirement on schools to deliver those school meals every day, which needs to be worked through on a local basis.

More broadly, I point out that such commitments clearly require significant funding, and we are in a very difficult budgetary situation this year and next. However, that is an example of how our on-going work on equalities and human rights budgeting is making a difference, and of the fact that we are still prioritising a social justice response to poverty, climate change and our interconnected goals.

We are committed to further embedding equalities and human rights budgeting, which is the role that I have not just with regard to the Minister for Children, Young People and Keeping the Promise’s portfolio but across all of Government. I recently met the equalities and human rights budget advisory group, along with the Deputy First Minister, to discuss what more we can do.

We have produced an equality statement alongside the budget for more than 10 years now, which represents an unbroken and consistent commitment to examining, through an equalities lens, the impact of the Scottish budget on Scotland’s population.

In September, we published our response to the equalities and human rights budget advisory group’s recommendations. In that response, we shared an overview of current and planned activity that progresses action on the recommendations. At the heart of that response is continuing to improve how equality analysis improves decision making, such as with the example of free school meals. We have a ministerial workshop on equality and the budget planned for early November, and I will take to that workshop the request about cross-portfolio working.

I hear that criticism. We are trying to improve exactly those issues of accessibility and transparency within the process. It is not that we are not committed to showing our work on equalities budgeting, but we must consider how best to build that into the process and how to explain that in an understandable format.

I will bring in Rob Priestley soon to talk about the detail. The programme for government and the material in our policy prospectus about equality, opportunity and community have given ministers and cabinet secretaries a clear focus. The mandate letters that went to cabinet secretaries regarding their portfolios communicated very clearly what this Government’s expectations are and how we should prioritise our core missions.

I hope that that has gone some way to helping people to see how the policy prospectus, programme for government and budget interconnect and how ministers are putting in the work to ensure that all that we do builds towards the missions that the First Minister has clearly set out. However, I appreciate that there is always more that we can do to increase participation and understanding more widely.